Riittääkö tämä tutkinnan aloittamiseen?

lähettäjä Riikka Söyring
vastaanottaja kirjaamo.keskusrikospoliisi@poliisi.fi,
"KIRJAAMO@okv.fi" kirjaamo@okv.fi>

date (päiväys)29. elokuuta 2010 19.40
aihe Riittäkö tämä tutkinnan aloittamiseen?
lähettänyt

piilota yksityiskohdat 19.40 (13 minuuttia sitten)

Hei,
 
Ohessa (alla) kopio kuuluisasta puhelinneuvottelusta, joka käsitteli H1N1-rokoteturvallisuutta.
Sitä ei ollut, mutta rokotukset päätettiin silti aloittaa.
Laajamittainen lääketieteellinen koe ihmisillä ilman heidän suostumustaan lienee rikosnimike.
 
Käsittääkseni Suomen laissakin on pykälä ns. Informed Consent´ista eli henkilö suostuu tietäen kaikki riskit.
Tämä ei totisesti toteutunut.
 
Riikka Söyring
-

Summary of: WHO Virtual Consultation on the
Safety of Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccines
-

Held by teleconference on June 3 2009 15:30-17:30 CET
A consultation was held by teleconference to review the safety of adjuvanted influenza vaccines.
-

The purpose of this consultation was two-fold:
(1) To review known and theoretical safety concerns associated with using adjuvants in influenza vaccines;
(2) To discuss ways to prospectively evaluate vaccine safety.
-

Participants in the teleconference included vaccine manufacturers, experts in adjuvant development, influenza vaccines and safety evaluation, as well as representatives from regulatory agencies, WHO and other stake-holders.
-

Introduction (Peter Smith, Chair)
-

Several adjuvants have been shown to permit dose-reduction and enhanced breadth of immunity
for influenza vaccines in clinical studies. In light of the recent outbreak of influenza A (H1N1)v,
there may be a need in the future to immunize large population groups. Adjuvants could
potentially expand the supply of available influenza vaccines. While we have no evidence yet of
the immunological benefit of adjuvants for vaccines against the H1N1 virus a discussion of
potential safety issues at this stage will facilitate planning and clinical trial design. Many
adjuvants are under development, however this consultation will only discuss those that are
licensed or have undergone late-stage clinical development with influenza antigens.
-

WHO has requested this non-confidential consultation to identify known and theoretical safety
issues related to the use of adjuvants in pandemic influenza vaccines. The outcomes from this
meeting will inform subsequent confidential dialogue between vaccine manufacturers, regulators
and governments and will help address risk-benefit considerations by the WHO Global Advisory
Committee on Vaccine Safety (GACVS) as well as policy-related recommendations by the WHO
Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE).
-

Severe adverse events associated with unadjuvanted influenza vaccines (Neal Halsey)
-

Influenza vaccines have been used for more than 60 years comprised of various forms of the
influenza antigen, primarily focused on the hemagglutinin protein, in split, subunit, inactivated
whole virion, and cold-adapted, live attenuated vaccines. In general, unadjuvanted influenza
vaccines have an established record of safety and tolerability in all age groups. However, over
many years, there have been notable, albeit rare, serious adverse events (SAEs) either directly or
indirectly associated with influenza vaccines. Potential SAEs directly or indirectly associated
with influenza vaccines could be related to a number of different issues, including the injection
process, vaccine contamination during production or during delivery, replication of a live agent,
and normal or aberrant host immune responses to the vaccine or components thereof, including
fever and febrile seizures, immediate or delayed hypersensitivity, oculo-respiratory syndrome, or
Guillain-Barre syndrome. There have been reports of coincidental associations between some
rare serious adverse events and influenza vaccination including transverse myelitis, serum
sickness, and clusters of sudden death in adults, but evidence supporting a causal association is
lacking.
-

In most cases, the incidence of SAEs associated with influenza vaccines have been rare and in
some cases hypothesized associations were unfounded. In 1976 there was an increased risk of
Guillain-Barre syndrome following the swine influenza vaccine at a rate of approximately 1 per
100,000. There was an hypothesis that the vaccine may have been contaminated with with
C.
jejuni
, a known cause of Guillain-Barre syndrome. However, one recent study found no evidence
of
C. jejuni contamination and the causative factor in that vaccine has not been determined.. It is
important to note that mass vaccination campaigns will likely result in temporal associations of
SAEs and there is a likelihood of many coincidental adverse events to be reported. Participants
commented that the community should define and document background rates for conditions
such as GBS prior to immunization campaigns so that any occurrence of these can be compared
to background. The incidence of such conditions may also be affected by other background
events such as other viral or bacterial outbreaks, confounding the situation. In addition, some
adverse events with known causal relationships will occur and it will become increasingly
challenging to determine higher than expected rates of such occurrences.

-
Squalene-containing oil-in-water adjuvants (Steve Reed)
-

Numerous oil-in-water emulsions are known to have adjuvant activity for vaccines, however two
(MF59 from Novartis and AS03 from GSK) are in registered influenza vaccines and one other
(AF03 from Sanofi Pasteur) has undergone extensive safety testing. While all of these contain
squalene or squalene and tocopherol as the oil-phase, their compositions are vastly different and
hence safety demonstrated with one can not be extrapolated to the others. Also, while it has been
shown that these emulsions induce some APC activation, monocytes migration, and perhaps
improved antigen presentation, the precise mechanism of action by which these emulsions cause
these effects is not known and hence the safety of emulsions must be viewed on case-by-case
basis.
-

MF59 is the most widely evaluated of these emulsions: given to over 26 thousand people of all
ages in over 44 clinical trials with follow-up for up to 200 days in most cases. In addition, over
40 million doses of Fluad, an influenza vaccine containing MF59 and approved in 1997 for older
adults in 26 countries, have been distributed and evaluated in various high risk and immunesuppressed
groups and no safety signals of significance have been reported publicly.

- 

MF59 has been evaluated in clinical trials with influenza antigens in over 20,000 elderly, 6,000 adults and
700 children. While increased local reactogenicity has been observed, there has been no
detectable increase in autoimmune disease, cardiovascular diseases, serious adverse events,
hospitalizations, or death associated with the use of the adjuvanted influenza vaccine.
AS03 has been evaluated in 45,000 individuals. An integrated summary of safety from 15,400
subjects with a 6-month follow up suggests an increase in local reactogenicity, however no
increase in immune-mediated events above background rates. AF03 has been evaluated for
safety in two phase 1 trials in adults involving 513 volunteers. No safety signals have been
reported.
-

One topic related to safety of oil-in-water emulsions that has been debated was the concern of
inducing anti-squalene antibodies. This has been reviewed by the GACVS
1 on vaccine safety who found the concern to be unjustified, but noted that the experience of squalene-containing
vaccines has been primarily in older age-groups and recommended that as squalene-containing
vaccines are introduced in other age-groups, careful post-marketing follow up to detect any
vaccine-related adverse events needs to be performed. It was pointed out by participants that
background anti-squalene antibodies vary from population to population, possibly as a function
of diet.
-

There was some discussion on the potential of lowering the amount of squalene used and perhaps
empirical determination of the dose currently used in influenza vaccines. There does seem to be
data that has been generated showing that it is possible to reduce the squalene content and
achieve a similar level of immunogenicity. However, the manufacturers stressed the importance
of the safety database generated with the current dose of squalene and very limited safety data
exists with lower amounts and it is difficult to determine if the immune response is altered in
other ways by using a lower dose.
-

Other adjuvants (Masato Tashiro)
-

There are other adjuvants either licensed or under immediate consideration for use in influenza
vaccines, including aluminium salts, and to a much lesser extent virosomes and polyoxidonium.
-

Aluminium salts (alum; referring to the various salts including hydroxide and phosphate) are
widely used in vaccines and rare SAEs associated with this adjuvant family are well documented
and have been the subject of numerous safety reviews. Aluminium salts have been extensively
evaluated in numerous vaccines, but are less frequently used in formulation of influenza vaccines
compared to other vaccines. Aluminium salts are included in approved seasonal (whole-cell
seasonal vaccine produced in Hungary) and several vaccines against novel human influenza
viruses (e.g. H5N1). No safety signals have appeared in clinical trials in all ages.
Polyoxidonium is a poly-electrolyte polymer used as an immunostimulator in the Grippol
influenza vaccine approved and distributed in Russia. A signal of possible safety concerns
(allergy, angiooedema) arose during a campaign in 2006 however a direct causal relationship has
not been concluded
-

2.
Virosomes are used in an approved seasonal influenza vaccine (Invivax). No safety concerns
have been detected following parenteral administration, however again, the number of doses
evaluated and distributed are small compared to those of other discussed adjuvants.
-

Discussion
1
http://www.who.int/wer/2006/wer8128.pdf
2
http://www.who.int/wer/2007/wer8228_29.pdf
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The floor was then opened for discussion. A variety of general issues were discussed, including
the need for careful clinical studies not only to show the safety of adjuvanted influenza vaccines,
but also to demonstrate in parallel immunological benefit in various age groups with differing
levels of pre-existing antibodies to the vaccine strain. While there is potential dose-sparing effect
of adding adjuvants to pandemic influenza vaccines, there could also be sufficient levels of
protective immunity raised by unadjuvanted vaccines if the population or portion thereof is
already primed against the pandemic virus strain. It was recommended that dose-ranging studies
both with and without adjuvant be conducted to better understand the benefit of adding an
adjuvant.
-

Some concern were raised on the use of squalene-containing adjuvants in all age groups, due to
limited experience with these products in children. These adjuvants must therefore be introduced
carefully into these groups. In particular there are no data at all on the safety of squaleneadjuvanted
vaccines in the very young (under 6 months).
-

Another major topic of discussion was the need to conduct careful post-marketing surveillance to
be able to quickly identify and report adverse events when they occur. Challenges to doing this
include the need to identify specific conditions that should be monitored as well as to establish
common case definitions to be used globally to identify and collect valuable information in realtime
during mass vaccinations campaigns. Conditions that were suggested included GBS,
demyelinating diseases and also immediate hypersensitivity and ocular/respiratory syndrome.
-

Clinicians need to receive background information on various conditions that need close
monitoring; expect many false concerns to be raised as well. A need for a coordinated approach
to post market surveillance was expressed. It was suggested that a group such as GACVS could
take a lead in this role and provide guidance for working on common protocols.
-

The challenge was raised on the need to have some portion of the population serve as a control to
enable the evaluation of the risk/benefit ratio and of potential safety issues observed during mass
vaccination. It will however be very difficult to monitor for background incidence if everyone is
receiving the vaccine at once. This might be addressed by active surveillance in the general
population, but it might be extremely difficult to do this reliably. This issue clearly needs careful
consideration.
Participants attempted to address the question of an appropriate period of safety follow-up.
-

While many SAEs would likely fall within a 6 to 8 weeks window, the use of new adjuvants may
bring uncertainties and risks that have not yet been identified. However, monitoring for 6 to 12
months would be a challenge. After further discussion, no objections were raised to monitoring
for 6 to 8 weeks after vaccination. However it was pointed out that while SAEs such as GBS
have typically occurred within this window, it is not known whether the use of adjuvants could
modify the time period to occurrence of vaccine related SAEs.
-

There was considerable discussion on the use of adjuvanted influenza vaccines in very young
children and in cases of early pregnancy. Adjuvants are known to have an effect on cytokine
regulation and the impact of this in very young children and early stage pregnancy has not yet
been studied. Regulatory agencies currently focus on antibody responses and not as much on
cytokine responses in vaccinated subjects.
-

Some participants proposed that adjuvanted vaccines might also be contra-indicated if a vaccinee
has a history of prior GBS. Seasonal influenza vaccines currently have notes of caution for use in
such persons. A similar approach might be considered to reduce the risk for subsequent episodes
of GBS. Research on the role of anti-gM1 antibodies in GBS and the possibility of influenza
vaccines to modify such immune responses is currently being considered. Such research may
contribute to an improved understanding of potential causality and risk with adjuvanted influenza
vaccines.
-

There is limited data available on the safety of concomitant administration of seasonal vaccine
with an adjuvanted pandemic vaccine, and it was suggested that this be addressed in upcoming
clinical trials. Novartis has data in over 1,000 people who were given a dose of adjuvanted
pandemic vaccine at the same time as their seasonal vaccine. In there experience, there was no
detectable interference between the two vaccines. GSK indicated that while they have not
evaluated concomitant delivery, they have evaluated adjuvanted pandemic vaccines in subjects
who were pre-vaccinated with seasonal vaccine.
-

Summary
-

A WHO virtual consultation was held with over 60 experts on regulatory, manufacturing,
immunology, virology, clinical and policy to discuss the safety of adjuvanted influenza vaccines.
Following a brief overview of currently licensed or late-stage influenza vaccines with and
without adjuvants and a review of adverse events that have been associated with such vaccines,
participants discussed various topics related to the safety of such vaccines and of their
widespread use in mass vaccination campaigns against an H1N1v pandemic virus. While it was
noted that there have been rare cases of SAEs with influenza vaccines in the past, there is
currently no clinical experience to assess the risk or benefit of using adjuvanted of nonadjuvanted
H1N1 vaccines. Clinical studies are the only way to address such questions. Careful
studies with harmonized trial design, case definition and post-marketing monitoring are planned
and will be initiated soon.

- 

The WHO could play an important role in facilitating such activities
through the GACVS. Unknown risks exist in certain age and risk groups where limited data
exists with adjuvanted influenza vaccines and methods for introducing vaccines into these groups
should proceed cautiously. Furthermore, the need for a population control group to monitor for
baseline events to be able to identify an increased incidence of SAEs in vaccine recipients
remains an unresolved challenge. Overall, no significant safety concern or barriers to evaluating
or using adjuvanted vaccines for the current H1N1 vaccine were raised.
-

List of Participants:

-
Anna Lonroth (EU)
Arnold Monto (U. Michigan)
Charmaine Gittleson(CSL)
Debbie Drane (CSL)
Carl Alving (Walter Reed Army Institute)
Elwyn Griffiths (Health Canada)
Gary Grohmann (TGA)
Emmanuel Hanon (GSK)
Hana Golding (FDA)
Marion Gruber (FDA)
Elizabeth Sutkowsky (FDA)
Karen Midthun (FDA)
Phil Krause (FDA)
Jean Haensler (Sanofi Pasteur)
Patrick Caubel (Sanofi Pasteur
John Iskander (CDC)
Kathy Edwards (Vanderbilt University)
Kathy Neuzil (PATH)
Keith Howard (Baxter)
Linda Lambert (NIAID)
Masato Tashiro (NIH, Japan)
Michael Perdue (HHS)
Robin Robinson (HHS)
Neal Halsey (John Hopkins School Public Health)
Nikolai Petrovsky (Flinders University).
Paul-Henri Lambert (University of Geneva)
Peter Smith (London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
R. Dhere (SII, India)
Sai Prasad (Bharat, India)
Rino Rappuoli (Novartis)
Giuseppe Del Giudice (Novartis)
Russell Thirsk (Novartis)
Rip Ballou (Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation)
Steve Reed (Infectious diseases research institute)
Vleminckx Camille (EMEA)
Stefania Salmaso (ISS, Italy)
Jean-Hugues Trouvin (AFSSAPS, France)
Jan Willem van der Laan (RIVM, Netherlands)
Michael Pfleiderer (Paul Ehrlich Institute, Germany)
Yeowon Sohn (KFDA, Korea)
Yin Hongzhang (SFDA, China)
WHO Secretariat
Anne Huvos (GIP)
David Wood (QSS)
Dina Pfeifer (QSS)
Florence Barthelemy (IVR)
Laszlo Palkonyay (IVR)
Marie-Paule Kieny (IVR)
Martin Friede (IVR)
Nicolas Collin (GIP)
Patrick Zuber (QSS)
Peter Carrasco (IVB)
Rick Bright (IVR)
Teresa Marengo (GIP)
Wenqing Zhang (GIP)
Regional Representatives
Hannah Kurtis (PAHO)
Houda Langar (EMRO)
Yoshihiro Takashima (WPRO)

http://www.who.int/vaccine_research/documents/Report_on_consultation_on_adjuvant_safety_2.pdf

Näin vastuullista väkeä on vastaamassa terveydestämme.

Tätä kautta http://riikkasoyring.blogit.uusisuomi.fi/2010/08/28/ajantasalla-olevaa-tietoa-rokotteista-thllle/ pääsee vilkaisemaan vuonna 2009 Australiassa julkaistua tutkimusta. Katsomalla kaaviot bloggauksessa olevasta linkistä, näkee että infektiotautien tartunnat laskivat Euroopassa, Pohjois-Amerikassa ja Tyynellä valtamerellä jo kauan ENNEN massarokotusten aloittamista.

Tutkimuksen yhteenveto toteaa lakonisesti: ei ole todisteita siitä, että rokotteista olisi hyötyä. Haittavaikutuksista sitävastoin on paljon todisteita.

Mirjaleena Isoahon blogissa käännöstä suomeksi yllä olevasta http://mirjaleenaisoaho.blogit.uusisuomi.fi/2010/08/29/nyt-lypsylle-totuudellisten-tietojen-lypsamisen-maailmanennatys-suomeen/

--------------------------------

B-osa, liite:

Taulukkokäyriä Australiasta, joista näkee että infektiotauteihin sairastuneiden määrä oli JYRKÄSSÄ laskussa jo kauan ENNEN massarokotuksia http://www.whale.to/vaccines/decline1.html

WHO:n ja lääkeyhtiöiden kytköksistä http://www.infosota.fi/2010/07/09/salaliiton-makua-h1n1-huijaus/

Kannattaa Lukea-bloggaus maailmantaloudesta http://kaarle.blogit.uusisuomi.fi/2010/08/29/usan-hajoaminen-2010/

-------------------------------

EDIT

Novartis Focetria Adjuvanted H1N1
Influenza Vaccine Ingredients/Toxicity
Polysorbate 80: Sterilie Agent
Potassium Chloride: Neurotoxin
Squalene: Neurotoxin
Thimerosal: Neurotoxin Novartis H1N1 Monovalent Influenza Vaccine Ingredients/Toxicity
Beta-Propiolactone: Carcinogen
Polymyxin: Neurotoxin
Neomycin: Immunotoxin
Thimerosal: Neurotoxin GlaxoSmithKline Arepanrix Adjuvanted
H1N1 Influenza Vaccine Ingredients/Toxicity
Formaldehyde : Carcinogen
Polysorbate 80: Sterilie Agent
Sodium Deoxycholate: Immunotoxin
Squalene: Neurotoxin
Thimerosal: Neurotoxin

: Carcinogen Sterilie Agent ImmunotoxinNeurotoxin NeurotoxinGlaxoSmithKline Pandemrix Adjuvanted
H1N1 Influenza Vaccine Ingredients/Toxicity
Octoxynol 10: Immunotoxin
Polysorbate 80: Sterilie Agent
Potassium Chloride: Neurotoxin
Sodium Deoxycholate: Immunotoxin
Squalene: Neurotoxin
Thimerosal: Neurotoxin

GlaxoSmithKline Fluarix 2009-2010
Formula Ingredients/Toxicity
Formaldehyde : Carcinogen
Octoxynol 10: Immunotoxin
Polysorbate 80: Sterilie Agent
Sodium Deoxycholate: Immunotoxin

Sanofi-Pasteur H1N1 Influenza Vaccine Ingredients/Toxicity
Formaldehyde : Carcinogen
Polyethylene Glycol: Systemic Toxin
Thimerosal: Neurotoxin

MedImmune H1N1 Vaccine Ingredients/Toxicity
Monosodium Glutamate: Neurotoxin
Gentamicin Sulfate: Nephrotoxic
Monobasic Potassium Phosphate: Immunotoxin

FLUARIX 2009 Latest Package Insert Ingredients/Toxicity
Formaldehyde : Carcinogen
Gentamicin Sulfate: Nephrotoxic
Polysorbate 80: Sterilie Agent
Sodium Deoxycholate: Immunotoxin
Thimerosal: Neurotoxin

CSL PANVAX H1N1 Vaccine Ingredients/Toxicity
Beta-Propiolactone: Carcinogen
Neomycin: Immunotoxin
Sodium Taurodeoxycholate: Carcinogen/Immunotoxin
Polymyxin: Neurotoxin
Thimerosal: Neurotoxin

CSL Afluria H1N1 Influenza Vaccine Ingredients/Toxicity
Beta-Propiolactone: Carcinogen
Neomycin Sulfate: Immunotoxin
Polymyxin B: Neurotoxin
Potassium Chloride: Neurotoxin
Sodium Taurodeoxycholate: Carcinogen/Immunotoxin
Thimerosal: Neurotoxin

Note: An additional CSL H1N1 Vaccine is Undergoing Trials with AS03 Adjuvant which contains Squalene

Varmistus: http://preventdisease.com/news/09/103009_vaccine_sterility_immunotoxicity_neurotoxicity.shtml